Predisposition

• Being naturally dark-skinned, Filipinos are predisposed to hyperpigmentation and melanogenesis, the production of the skin pigment melanin. Skin discoloration occurs when the cells that contain melanin becomes damaged or overstimulated, producing either more melanin or too little and causing uneven skin color.
  
  

Causes

• For most Filipinos, overexposure to the sun is the common cause of skin discoloration. Damage brought about by too much sun often causes dark spots. Pollution also plays a part, as skin affected by dust and air pollution may react with hyperpigmentation.
  
  

Treatments

• Treatments include the application of hydroquinone, a chemical lightening agent, to even out the darker spots. Azelaic acid, another lightening agent, is also prescribed, especially for individuals who are unable to tolerate the effects of hydroquinone. Exfoliation and chemical peels may also be done, to gradually remove the affected layer of skin.